The Voigt-Kampff machine is an apparatus described in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, the book that was the basis for the film Blade Runner It is used to administer a test- the Voigt-Kampff test- to distinguish humans from androids. The test relies on the detection of involuntary emotional responses, such as pupil dilation, changes in the heart rate, and the blush response. The interviewer asks the subject a series of questions, and gauges the physiological response to the questions. Humans have an emotional response to them, causing physiological changes, whereas androids- replicants - do not.
The test also features in the film Blade Runner, although it is mis-spelt as Voight-Kampff. In the film, the questions posed to in the film Leon are:

 1. It’s your birthday. Someone gives you a calfskin wallet. How do you react?
2. You’ve got a little boy. He shows you his butterfly collection plus the killing jar. What do you do?
3. You’re watching television. Suddenly you realize there’s a wasp crawling on your arm.
4. You’re in a desert walking along in the sand when all of the sudden you look down, and you see a tortoise, Tony, it’s crawling toward you. You reach down, you flip the tortoise over on its back, Tony. The tortoise lays on its back, its belly baking in the hot sun, beating its legs trying to turn itself over, but it can’t, not without your help. But you’re not helping. Why is that?
5. Describe in single words, only the good things that come into your mind about your mother.

The test finishes as Leon rises, saying "let me tell you about my mother," and kills the interviewer.

Later, Rachael is also tested. She is asked the following additional questions. It should be noted that there are no actual questions here: they are simply a string of statements. Yet Rachael responds to them as if there is an implied question in each, such as "what would you do now?" or "how do you feel about that?"
6. In a magazine you come across a full-page photo of a nude girl.
7. You show the picture to your husband. He likes it and hangs it on the wall. The girl is lying on a bearskin rug.
8. You become pregnant by a man who runs off with your best friend, and you decide to get an abortion.
9. Last question. You're watching an old movie. It shows a banquet in progress, the guests are enjoying raw oysters. The entree consists of boiled dog stuffed with rice. The raw oysters are less acceptable to you than a dish of boiled dog.

Television 
The Voight-Kampff machine was referenced in Stargate SG-1, when a character practices for a psychological profile test. Her answer to question 4 is "because I am also a tortoise.  

Politics
In August 2003 The Wave Magazine asked candidates in the local mayoral elections the five Voight-Kampff questions that Leon is given at the beginning of Blade Runner and reported their responses. One of the candidates, Tom Ammiano,  recognised the test as being from Blade Runner by questions 2. Another candidate, Angela Alioto, became agitated at the line of questioning, complaining "Let me ask you, John, how does this fit in to the bigger picture when you ask me about the dying tortoise and the dead butterflies?" The interviewer's reply was straight out of the movie: "They're just questions, Angela. In answer to your query, they’re written down for me. It’s a test, designed to provoke an emotional response. Shall we continue?"

 Radio
The Voight-Kampff Test was a radio show that aired on Radio station WPRB 103.3 in Princeton, New Jersey for several years. The show played futuristic music and electronica. 

Music
The term Voight-Kampff (or misspelt variations) has been adopted as a label for various musicians and their works, typically in electronica or related genres.